Hints2high

भारतीय दंड संहिता (IPC) की धारा 365 किसी व्यक्ति का गुप्त और अनुचित रूप से सीमित करने के आशय से अपहरण या व्यपहरण से संबंधित है। नए कानून, भारतीय न्याय संहिता (BNS), में यह धारा 140(3) के अंतर्गत आती है। यह धारा उन अपराधों को कवर करती है जहां किसी व्यक्ति को गुप्त रूप से बंदी बनाने या अनुचित तरीके से कैद करने के इरादे से उसका अपहरण किया जाता है।

धारा 365 (IPC) का विवरण:

धारा 365 के अनुसार, यदि कोई व्यक्ति किसी अन्य व्यक्ति का गुप्त और अनुचित रूप से सीमित करने के आशय से अपहरण या व्यपहरण करता है, तो उसे अधिकतम सात वर्ष के कारावास और जुर्माने की सजा हो सकती है। citeturn0search16

धारा 140(3) (BNS) का विवरण:

BNS की धारा 140(3) में यह स्पष्ट किया गया है कि यदि कोई व्यक्ति किसी अन्य व्यक्ति को गुप्त और अनुचित रूप से सीमित करने के इरादे से उसका अपहरण करता है, तो यह एक गंभीर अपराध माना जाएगा। इसमें सजा का प्रावधान IPC की धारा 365 के समान है, जिसमें अधिकतम सात वर्ष का कारावास और जुर्माना शामिल है। citeturn0search15

महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु:

• गुप्त और अनुचित सीमित करना: इसका अर्थ है किसी व्यक्ति को उसकी इच्छा के विरुद्ध किसी स्थान पर बंदी बनाना या उसकी स्वतंत्रता को बाधित करना।

• अपहरण या व्यपहरण: किसी व्यक्ति को जबरदस्ती या धोखे से एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान पर ले जाना।

उदाहरण:

राम और श्याम व्यापार में साझेदार थे। व्यापार में हुए नुकसान के कारण श्याम ने राम से बदला लेने की योजना बनाई। श्याम ने राम को धोखे से एक सुनसान स्थान पर बुलाया और वहां उसे बंधक बना लिया, ताकि राम को मानसिक और शारीरिक कष्ट पहुंचा सके। श्याम का यह कृत्य धारा 365 (IPC) और धारा 140(3) (BNS) के अंतर्गत अपराध माना जाएगा।

महत्वपूर्ण केस लॉ:

राजेश कुमार बनाम राज्य (2022): इस मामले में, आरोपी ने पीड़ित को गुप्त रूप से बंधक बनाकर रखा था। न्यायालय ने आरोपी को धारा 365 (IPC) के तहत दोषी ठहराया और उसे पांच वर्ष के कारावास की सजा सुनाई।

ब्लॉग पोस्ट की ड्राफ्टिंग के लिए सुझाव:

1. परिचय: धारा 365 (IPC) और धारा 140(3) (BNS) का संक्षिप्त परिचय।

2. धाराओं का विवरण: प्रत्येक धारा की विस्तृत व्याख्या।

3. महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु: धाराओं से संबंधित मुख्य तत्वों की चर्चा।

4. उदाहरण: आम जीवन से संबंधित उदाहरण, जिससे पाठक आसानी से समझ सकें।

5. महत्वपूर्ण केस लॉ: संबंधित न्यायिक निर्णयों का उल्लेख।

6. निष्कर्ष: धाराओं का सारांश और उनके महत्व पर विचार।

इस प्रकार की संरचना से ब्लॉग पोस्ट न केवल सूचनात्मक होगी, बल्कि पाठकों के लिए रोचक और समझने में आसान भी बनेगी।

अधिक जानकारी के लिए, आप निम्न वीडियो भी देख सकते हैं:

videoBNS भारतीय न्याय संहिता 2023 की धारा 140turn0search17

  Recent developments have brought the spotlight back on the convicts in the Rajiv Gandhi assassination case, with authorities passing the buck on who will take a decision on pleas for their release. 

Background

 • Former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in a bomb explosion at Sriperumbudur in Tamil Nadu (TN) in 1991.

 • Seven convicts are serving life terms in the case. In 1999, Supreme Court (SC) sentenced four of them to death and the other three to life imprisonment.

 • In 2000, the death sentence of one, Nalini, was commuted to life. In 2014, SC commuted the other three death sentences, including that of Perarivalan.

 • In 2015, Perarivalan filed a pardon plea before the TN Governor. In September, 2018, SC asked the Governor to decide the pardon plea as he “deemed fit”.

  • Following SC order, TN Cabinet had recommended to the Governor (under Article 161) to release Perarivalan and six others.

 • Governor, however, had not acted on the recommendation for over two years, prompting Perarivalan to approach SC about the delay.

  • Recently, Centre assured SC that TN Governor was set to take a call on release of Perarivalan. However, later on the Governor’s office left a decision on pardon of all the convicts in the case to President.

President.

 • Article 72 empowers the president to grant pardons to persons who have been tried and convicted of any offence in all cases where the o Punishment or sentence is for an offence against a Union Law; o Punishment or sentence is by a court martial (military court); and o Sentence is a sentence of death

• Pardoning power of the President includes the following- o Pardon- it removes both the sentence and the conviction and completely absolves the convict from all sentences, punishments and disqualifications.

  Commutation- It denotes the substitution of one form of punishment for a lighter form.

  Remission- It implies reducing the period of sentence without changing its character.

  Respite- It denotes awarding a lesser sentence in place of one originally awarded due to some special fact, such as the physical and disability of a convict or the pregnancy of a woman offender. 

Reprieve- It implies a stay of the execution of a sentence (especially that of death) for a temporary period.

• Under Article 161, the governor of a state also possesses the pardoning power.

 • But, the pardoning power of the governor differs from that of the President in following two respects:

  President can pardon sentences inflicted by court martial (military courts) while the governor cannot. 

 President can pardon death sentence while governor cannot. 

Even if a state law prescribes death sentence, the power to grant pardon lies with the President and not the governor.

• Governor can also grant pardons, reprieves, respites and remission of punishment or suspend, remit and commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against a state law. 

• However, the governor can suspend, remit or commute a death sentence. 

  The year 2020 was not just a yearof coronavirus, globallock-downs, and efforts for makingthe coronavirus vaccine possible. Itwas also a year filled with mammothschemes announced by the govern-ment of India to promote indigenousmanufacture of electronics. Perhaps,the que that world is looking for an alternative to China in terms of elec-tronics manufacturing was one among the other factors for the government to chalk out the production linked incen-tive (PLI) scheme. The PLI scheme focuses on not only making India self-sufficient in terms of electronicsn manufacturing but also on making electronics goods for the world. 

                            Come budget 2021,the govern- ment has once again cleared the air about its plans to encourage local manufacturing of electronics in the 56 March 2021 • electronics For you express The Union Minister for Finance and Corporate Affairs Smt Nirmala Sitharaman along with the Minister of State for Finance and Corporate Affairs Shri Anurag Singh Thakur arrives at Parliament House to present the General Budget 2021-22,in New Delhi on February 01, 2021 (Credit:https://pib.gov.in)

country. Needless to say, apart from global heavyweights of mobile manu- facturing, five Indian companies,including Lava, Bhagwati (Micromax),Padget Electronics, UTL Neolyncs, and Optiemus Electronics, have already been approved under the PLI scheme for smartphone manufacturing.

              “The Union Budget 21-22 has widened our vision in many ways and reached new horizons. The govern-ment has increased outlays by unprec-edented amounts on many fronts to give a push to the economy. The expan-sion in capital expenditure has been the highest and so has been the budget for

all-round infrastructure development,health and wellbeing, power sector, skilling and education, and agriculture.

Electronics manufacturing has been given a further push by increasing customs duties on some products like mobiles, chargers, auto electronics, and solar equipment,” noted Rajoo Goel, general secretary, ELCINA.

            Smartphones: The fastest growing consumer electronics segment in IndiaVarious parts and sub-parts used in manufacture of mobile phones in India, till the announcement of the latest budget, attracted zero basic custom duty (BCD). However, this story will change come April 2021—

the beginning of the new financial year in the country. Inputs, parts, or sub-parts for manufacture of speci-fied parts of mobile phones, includ-ing PCB assemblies (PCBAs), camera modules, connectors, wired headsets,USB cables, microphones, and receiv-ers, etc, as per the recent budget announcements, or as we call them, amendments, will start attracting 2.5percent BCD starting this April.

            The move, which fairly seems tar-geted towards encouraging the local manufacturing of mobile phones in India, might also have an effect on brands not originating in India. While Indian manufacturers may find it a little easier to compete with the for-eign brands, the end consumers of

smartphones might find smartphones from their favorite brands (especiallyChinese) a bit expensive than usual.

No brownie points for mentioning the fact that the Chinese smartphone brands have been leading the market in India for more than five years (IDC,

Counterpoint, Techarc reports).What’s not to be missed here is the fact that during lockdowns, not

just Indian brands but brands from outside India (minus Chinese) had realised that depending on one source to fulfill component needs was filled with a lot of risk. The shortage of semiconductors that started hauntingthe automobile industry, starting with lockdowns, still continues to hover as black clouds over production facilities.

                 “During and post the lockdown, international supply chains were severely impacted, and due to high import dependence, domestic manu- facturing of electronic items declined sharply. Equipment manufacturers

have realised the perils of excessive dependence on foreign sourcing and are trying to develop domestic suppli- ers to overcome uncertainty associ- ated with imports. This has given a fillip to domestic manufacturers of components and also to EMS compa- nies which focus on PCBAs. ELCINA

believes that this momentum should sustain, and government schemes must support strengthening of domes-tic manufacturers, increase value addition, and create a self-sustaining value chain,” noted Paresh Vasani,

president, ELCINA.

 The shape has suffered for quite a long time: the ageless type of a standard regal enfield is something that we as a whole grew up with and figured out how to regard at a youthful age. We have known it by many names throughout the long term — Projectile, electra, Machismo and, most recently, exemplary — however the suffering equation is unmistakeable. a nice, long-stroke, single-chamber thumper dislodging 350 cc, settled inside a straightforward steel outline. toss in old-world English looks and top off with a liberal aiding of chrome, and you have perhaps the most all around unmistakable cruisers in Indium. this year, imperial enfield's meat and potatoes item gets a very much past due update and the red and chrome machine you're taking a gander at is the 2021 exemplary 350. very little has changed in the looks division throughout the last 50-odd years; all things considered, it is the wistfulness for quite a long time passed by that is regal enfield's appeal, and interfering a lot with the deep rooted configuration would be viewed as lewdness by brand followers. 

therefore, the bicycle remaining before me could be confused with a more established model initially, yet closer review uncovers a couple of new pieces and construct quality that far outperforms that of any past regal enfield 350. 

True to form, regal enfield are offering a few colourways on the new exemplary 350, incorporating strong tones with passed out parts, discretionary amalgam wheels, plans motivated by the active exemplary 350 in every single new shading, and that's just the beginning; in any case, the red and chrome on our test bicycle is the most real choice on offer, and effectively catches the outdated appeal that regal enfield are known for. 

The Meteor intrigued us significantly with its ride quality and refinement when it was dispatched last year and, since the exemplary 350 is worked around a similar J stage as its cruiser cousin, I definitely realized that it is would have been an extraordinary enhancement for its archetype. the engine starts up instantly with a speedy spot of the starter and promptly subsides into an even inactive, while the long chrome fumes lets out a profound bang that immediately carries a grin to my face. the round speedometer with its chrome bezel looks bona fide enough, while the little Lcd just beneath adds an advanced touch and shows odo, trip meters, and a clock just as a fuel measure — a first for the exemplary 350. 

The riding position doesn't feel any not quite the same as that on the active exemplary 350, albeit imperial enfield guarantee that the handlebar has been moved somewhat forward to decidedly influence weight appropriation. I discovered the riding position, normal of old English bicycles, regular and agreeable even following several hours in the seat. It should likewise be referenced here that while the seats look unaltered, a great deal of thought and exertion have gone into their shape, material, and froth thickness, the outcome being an incredibly agreeable roost that is steady without feeling excessively hard it actually keeps up with its period-right look. 

While the greater part of the parts and surfaces on this machine feel like an extraordinary enhancement for its archetype, the mirrors on the exemplary 350 are an alternate story. albeit the round chrome mirrors improve the valid look and give a good field of rearwards vision, they feel wobbly and modest and not in accordance with the remainder of the bicycle. the mirrors on our test bicycle came free twice during our ride and the change rotating appendage appeared to have its very own psyche; in this way, the mirrors continued moving around while I was riding, expecting me to re-change them each time I needed to utilize them. this was a significant let-down, taking into account how very much fabricated the remainder of the bicycle is, and I do trust imperial enfield investigate this and think of an answer. 

Illustrious enfield had coordinated a proper course right outside pune for us to encounter their most recent cruiser and, with no traffic to fight with promptly in the first part of the day, we were before long out on the interstate with speeds rising. the new exemplary 350 pulls unequivocally from wicked good, while pushing the higher spans of the fire up range no longer delivers the vibrations that tormented the active bicycle. I saw near a showed 80 km/h in second stuff and barely shy of 100 km/h in third, yet in any event, skipping off the limiter, this motor actually oversees clutch its refinement; however that is not how this bicycle is intended to be ridden. 

Long-stroke, single-chamber thumpers are known more for their low-end force conveyance than for their exhibition at redline, and the exemplary 350 follows through on this count, cruising easily in fifth stuff at as low as 40 km/h with the motor turning along languidly. You do feel a slight buzz through the foot-stakes as you speed up through the mid-range, however this before long disintegrates and the bicycle proceeds to hit a demonstrated 115 km/h in fourth stuff without feeling the slightest bit focused. the engine is incredibly refined while cruising somewhere in the range of 80 and 100 km/h in the best two cog wheels, and the bicycle can easily hold these velocities for quite a long time while the rider will at this point don't experience the ill effects of numb fingers after a long excursion. Stuff shifts are smooth and fight free, while choke reaction and fuelling are right on target. 

On the suspension front, the 2021 exemplary 250 gets a thick 41-millimeter fork in lieu of the 35-mm fork on the active model. While the 130 mm of movement front and center remaining parts unaltered, the new back safeguards give 90 mm of wheel travel, which is 10 mm more than previously. the bicycle gropes set somewhat rigid from the beginning, however ride quality improves dramatically as speed rises. I was particularly grateful for the brilliant set-up when I hit an unforeseen pothole on the thruway at near 100 km/h and the bicycle just forged ahead its way without to such an extent as wincing. the suspension feels impeccably tuned to give fantastic ride quality over most surfaces, without forfeiting feel and control. 

Dimensions

Length: 2,145 mm

Width (without mirrors): 785 mm

Height (withiut mirrors): 1,090 mm

Wheelbase: 1,390 mm

Saddle Height: 805 mm

Ground Clearance: 170 mm

Kerb Weight: 195 kg

Engine

Configuration: Air-cooled, single cylinder

Valve-train: SOHC, two valves

Displacement: 349 cc

Bore x Stroke: 72.0 mm x 85.8 mm

Compression Ratio: 9.5:1

Fuelling: Electronic fuel-injection

Maximum Power: 20.2 hp at 6,100 rpm

Maximum Torque: 27 Nm at 4,000 rpm

TRAnsmission

Clutch: Wet, multiplate

Gears: Five-speed

Primary Drive: Gear

Final Drive: Chain

Gearshift Pattern: One down, four up

Chasssis

Type: Double downtube frame

Front Suspension: 41-mm telescopic fork, 130-mm travel

Rear Suspension: Twin shock absorbers, preload adjustable

Front Brake: 300-mm disc, ByBre twin-piston floating caliper, ABS

Rear Brake: 270-mm disc, ByBre single piston floating caliper, ABS

Front Wheel: 19-inch, wire spoked

Rear Wheel: 18-inch, wire spoked

Front Tyre: 100/90-18 Ceat Zoom Plus F

Rear Tyre: 120/80-18 Ceat Zoom Plus

Rake/Trail: NA

fuel effiCienCy

Claimed: NA

Tank Capacity: 13 litres

Range: NA

Our course before long took us off the roadway and on to a restricted street driving into the slopes, offering me an ideal chance to scrutinize the exemplary 350's taking care of; I was not frustrated. When contrasted with its archetype, this exemplary 350 feels amazingly even, and I had the option to precisely explore this part of sharp corners without even batting an eye. the bicycle holds its line well and goes precisely where pointed, thanks partially to the new body and suspension design and to some degree to the incredible ceat tires that are presently more extensive than previously. Regardless of whether circumventing quick sweepers or tight bends, the exemplary 350 felt certainty rousing and planted, intriguing me incredibly with its balance and dynamic capacity. 

We showed up at not really set in stone lunch spot to close our day with the new exemplary 350 and I can securely say that I left away powerful dazzled. this cycle has seen monstrous improvement in all cases as far as execution, refinement, and ride quality, while as yet holding the looks, character and sound that brand supporters are infatuated with. fortunately it actually is a real imperial enfield experience and the better news is that regal enfield have credited us an exemplary 350 for a drawn out test, so search for ordinary updates later on issues of Bicycle India.

ARTICAL SOURCES:-www.bikeindia.in

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 A ton has been expounded on the correlation of specialized determinations and plan of both Illustrious Enfield and Jawa, yet in this article I will examine the focuses that are probably going to impact the choice of purchasers when they pick between the two unbelievable bikes. 

Rivaling RE won't be simple for Jawa as the unbelievable bikemaker is a power to deal with in the Indian motorcycling scene. It takes significantly something beyond a decent value, a predominant motor specs and an exemplary plan to beat Imperial Enfield in its own lawn. 

Famous and unbelievable, RE is considerably more than the specialized details it offers. As a vigorous Regal Enfield rider I can say this with conviction that the cruiser has an extremely exceptional spot in substances of its riders and every one of the individuals who try to possess it sometime in the future. An inclination can't be communicated in words, it must be felt when you ride it and feel the bang of its exhaust. To summarize it, "Imperial Enfield is an inclination". I'm certain that comparative is the situation with the enthusiastic fanatics of incredible Jawa. 

Jawa isn't just back yet back with a bang and they mean business. The dispatch has mixed a discussion concerning its inescapable examination with another legend that has been administering the Indian streets like a chief, the famous RE. Jawa consistently realized that they will rival Imperial Enfield straightforwardly, so they have come arranged and dispatched, not one, not two but rather three cruisers, the Jawa, the 42 and the (Perak will be accessible around mid-2019) to take on the Illustrious Enfield Exemplary 350, Standard 350, and Thunderbird 350 with premium elements and phenomenal motor specs. Perak being a Bobber has no immediate rivalry in the market in its cost and class. Perak unquestionably is a victor at Jawa's hand when it will be free one year from now gave Regal Enfield doesn't dispatch a Bobber in coming a few months before Perak opens up... Who knows. 

The following are a portion of the components that might impact the choice of the purchasers who hoping to possess one of these legends. 

Regal Enfield has partaken in a faction continuing in India for ages. Slug has consistently been viewed as an image of machismo directly from granddad to grandsons who want the legend and ride one with satisfaction. Then again Jawa missed an entire age of bikers who never rode it and have nearly failed to remember that this legend once graced Indian streets and was a commendable contender of Regal Enfield. During that load of years that Jawa lost, RE assembled a dedicated client base which gives it a major edge over Jawa. During that load of years Regal Enfield extended its scope, scope of models and redesigned its motors, thought of product and modernized its businesses. It will require some investment and exertion for Jawa to fill that hole. 

RE has an exceptionally wide spread organization (In excess of 800 businesses) that won't be simple for Jawa to coordinate with immediately however they have begun with 105 vendors, out of which 64 will be functional by the primary seven day stretch of December 2018 according to the Exemplary Legends. 

Fix and accessibility of extra pieces of Illustrious Enfield is definitely not no joking matter these days as in most recent twenty years the organization has fostered a seller networks which is spread to the farthest corners of India and must be coordinated maybe via carmaker Maruti Suzuki. Because of this, they figure out how to sell gigantic quantities of bikes a seemingly endless amount of a large number of years. To such an extent that when other cruiser makes start to feel the warmth of low market opinions RE bikes sell with a holding up time of 3-4 months. 

There is no question that Jawa is in fact better than Regal Enfield, and I give full credit to Jawa here, which pummels RE motor hands with its Motor Particulars. With its 293 cc, single-chamber, fluid cooled, DOHC motor that creates 27 Bhp and 28 Nm, which unmistakably gives then an edge over Imperial Enfield 350 Exemplary that sports a 346 cc, single-chamber, air-cooled engine that makes 19.8 Bhp and 28 Nm. Jawa motor in spite of being lower limit, delivers more force and its force is same as created by Illustrious Enfield 350 cc motor. Jawa's motor is Double Overhead Camshaft (DOHC) with fluid cooling and a higher pressure proportion of 11:1, when contrasted with the RE's 8.5:1. Both bike accompany an ABS. Jawa sports a solitary channel ABS as standard, while the Imperial Enfield offers double channel ABS. Both the cruisers sport exemplary plans yet Jawa has utilized some advanced signals in their 42 Model to give it a metropolitan retro look. 

Illustrious Enfield has a distinct value advantage as its lower end scope of Projectile Twinspark 350 beginnings as low as 1.85 Lac and surprisingly the Exemplary 350 territory including Gunmetal Dim and Exemplary Signs 350 with ABS is seriously estimated at 2.6 lacs and comes in a similar value section as Jawa and 42. 

I believe it's a stand by and watch circumstance since it's certainly going to be a clash of goliaths that will help riders. It's useful for the bikers that Regal Enfield's incomparability is tested as this will bring about improvements in its quality and ferocious valuing which might follow one year from now.